Molecular Formula | C6H6ClN |
Molar Mass | 127.57 |
Density | 1,43 g/cm3 |
Melting Point | 67-70 °C (lit.) |
Boling Point | 232 °C (lit.) |
Flash Point | 120°C |
Water Solubility | 0.3 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
Solubility | 2.2g/l |
Vapor Presure | 0.15 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
Vapor Density | 4.4 (vs air) |
Appearance | Crystalline Solid |
Specific Gravity | 1.2417 |
Color | Beige to brown-purple |
Odor | Sweetish |
Merck | 14,2118 |
BRN | 471359 |
pKa | 4.15(at 25℃) |
PH | 6.9 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
Stability | Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates, nitrous acid. May be light sensitive. |
Refractive Index | 1.5546 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting point 68-72°C boiling point 232°C water-soluble 0.3g/100 mL (20°C) |
Use | Used as a dye intermediate |
Risk Codes | R45 - May cause cancer R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R39/23/24/25 - R11 - Highly Flammable R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
Safety Description | S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. |
UN IDs | UN 2018 6.1/PG 2 |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | BX0700000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8-10-23 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 29214210 |
Hazard Note | Toxic/Possible Carcinogen |
Hazard Class | 6.1 |
Packing Group | II |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 0.31 g/kg (Smyth) |
Downstream Products | Anilofos triazolam 100 ug per ml in methanol nitrazepam methanol solution |
white or light yellow crystals. Melting Point: 68-71 °c. Boiling point 232 °c. The relative density was 1. 427. Refractive index 5546. Soluble in hot water, soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, carbon disulfide and other commonly used organic solvents.
azo dyes and intermediates for the production of phenol AS-LB. Also Medicine (chlordiazepoxide, phenacetin), pesticide intermediates. Couplers are also used in the production of color cine films.
pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 6.9 at 1.00000g/l at 20°C |
Henry's Law Constant | 1.07 at 25 °C (calculated, Howard, 1989)(x 10-5 atm?m3/mol) |
LogP | 1.83 at 25℃ |
NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
(IARC) carcinogen classification | 2B (Vol. 57) 1993 |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
Application | is an intermediate of azo dye and phenol AS-LB, and is also the raw material of medicine chlordiazepoxide, phenacetin and pesticide, also used in the production of color film coupler p-chloroaniline can be directly synthesized by difenuron, chlorophenyl urea or p-chlorophenyl isocyanate to synthesis of urea and difenuron two varieties, or by 2-chloro-4-aminophenol for the synthesis of pyrimidine urea, which is also an intermediate of the herbicide safip and the plant growth regulator cintofen. In addition, P-chloroaniline is also a dye, a pharmaceutical intermediate, and a coupler for the production of color film. p-chloroaniline is an intermediate of the herbicide Sarafin, the insecticide chloruron and the plant growth regulator against diamine. it is useful as an azo dye and an intermediate for producing phenol AS-LB. Also used as pharmaceutical (such as chlordiazepoxide, FINA tincture), pesticide intermediates. Couplers may also be used in the production of color cine films. At present, China's dye industry consumes about 350t of p-chloroaniline, of which AS-LB of the phenol needs about 160t of p-chloroaniline, about 60t of permanent yellow organic pigment, and about 80t of chloropyrazolone. In the pharmaceutical industry, the production of chlordiazepoxide and other drugs is between 15-20T per year, and the production of these drugs is about 150t. In 1991, China's export of chloroaniline was only 10T. as a dye intermediate 4-chloroaniline is used as an azo dye and an intermediate in the manufacture of phenol AS-LB, and is also used as a pharmaceutical intermediate such as chlordiazepoxide and phenazol tincture. This product is used as an intermediate of azo dye and AS-LB in the manufacture of chromophore, and also used as a pharmaceutical intermediate such as chlordiazepoxide and phenazite tincture. |
production method | 1 after reduction reaction of iron powder, neutralization with soda ash, and then distillation to obtain 98% purity of industrial products. When the iron powder reduction method is used for laboratory preparation, the acetic acid aqueous solution can be heated to boiling, the iron powder is added under vigorous stirring, and the p-nitrochlorobenzene is added in portions after 15min. Yield 74%. 2. Hydrogenation reduction of P-nitrochlorobenzene dissolved in alcohol, the framework of nickel catalyst, at 100 ℃, about 4MPa pressure hydrogenation reduction. The solvent and catalyst are then separated to give a finished product. Raw material consumption quota: P-nitrochlorobenzene 1390kg/t, iron powder 1560kg/t, hydrochloric acid (30%)440kg/t. The preparation method is using p-chloronitrobenzene as raw material, Raney nickel as catalyst, ethanol as solvent, reaction temperature 50~70 ℃, hydrogenation pressure 3.04~3.55 MPa, under the condition of pH = 5~6, the catalytic hydrogenation reaction was carried out to obtain the product. The preparation method is p-chloroaniline obtained by reduction of P-nitrochlorobenzene. There are several methods such as iron powder reduction, hydrogenation reduction and zinc powder reduction. Iron powder reduction: mix p-chloronitrobenzene, water and iron shavings and heat them to 95 ℃. After the P-chloronitrobenzene is completely dissolved, add concentrated hydrochloric acid Dropwise, adjust the dropping rate and keep the temperature at 25 ℃, after completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was continued for 25H, cooling, adding excess sodium hydroxide to make the solution alkaline, and distilling the oil layer to obtain the product. By hydrogenation reduction method, P-chloronitrobenzene and ethanol were mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.5, and Raney nickel (prepared from 100 mesh nickel-aluminum binary alloy) was added as a catalyst at a temperature of 50~70 ℃, under the conditions of a pressure of 2.94-3.43 MPa and a medium pH of 5-6, the reaction is carried out with hydrogen for 2 hours. The crude product obtained is distilled off ethanol and part of water under normal pressure, and then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a finished product. In addition, the reduction of P-chloronitrobenzene and zinc powder in acetic acid medium can obtain p-chloroaniline in higher yield, but the price of zinc powder is higher. |
category | toxic substances |
toxicity grade | high toxicity |
Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 300 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 100 mg/kg |
stimulation data | Skin-rabbits were mild at 500 mg/24 h; eye-rabbit 0.25 mg/24 h severe |
flammability hazard characteristics | open flame, heat, oxidant combustion; combustion releases toxic nitrogen oxides and chloride fumes |
storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from oxidants and food additives |
fire extinguishing agent | carbon dioxide, foam, dry powder, water mist |
spontaneous combustion temperature | 685°C |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |